Matrices for machine composition were made by Intertype.įutura was developed as a contribution to the New Frankfurt project, a radical affordable housing project in Frankfurt, Germany that many renowned modernist architects at the time were involved in. Paul Renner began sketching his letters that would become Futura in 1924 the typeface was available for use three years later. Original drafts of Futura had more abstract variant designs for several letters, such as a two-story lowercase "a" (left, compared to Futura's standard one-story "a" at right). įutura was extensively marketed by Bauer Type Foundry and its American distribution arm by brochure as capturing the spirit of modernity, using the German slogan "die Schrift unserer Zeit" ("the typeface of our time") and in English "the typeface of today and tomorrow". The original metal type showed extensive adaptation of the design to individual sizes, and several divergent digitisations have been released by different companies. The uppercase characters present proportions similar to those of classical Roman capitals. The lowercase has tall ascenders, which rise above the cap line, and uses nearly-circular, single-story forms for the "a" and "g", the former previously more common in handwriting than in printed text. It is based on strokes of near-even weight, which are low in contrast. Renner's design rejected the approach of most previous sans-serif designs (now often called grotesques), which were based on the models of signpainting, condensed lettering and nineteenth-century serif typefaces, in favour of simple geometric forms: near-perfect circles, triangles and squares. Although Renner was not associated with the Bauhaus, he shared many of its idioms and believed that a modern typeface should express modern models, rather than be a revival of a previous design. įutura has an appearance of efficiency and forwardness. It was developed as a typeface by the Bauer Type Foundry (Bauersche Gießerei), in competition with Ludwig & Mayer's seminal Erbar typeface of 1926. It is based on geometric shapes, especially the circle, similar in spirit to the Bauhaus design style of the period. It was designed as a contribution on the New Frankfurt-project. Shaar (Extra Bold, Extra Bold Italic)įutura is a geometric sans-serif typeface designed by Paul Renner and released in 1927. The glyph for ct replaces the sequence of glyphs c t, or U+322E (Kanji ligature for "Friday") replaces the sequence U+91D1 U+66DC U+65E5.Edwin W. This feature covers those ligatures which may be used for special effect, at the user's preference. The application can use this feature to automatically access the superior figures (more legible than scaled figures) for footnotes, or the user can apply it to Mssr to get the classic form.įunction: Replaces a sequence of glyphs with a single glyph which is preferred for typographic purposes. The user applies this feature to turn 2.o into 2.o (abbreviation for secundo).įunction: Replaces lining or oldstyle figures with superior figures (primarily for footnote indication), and replaces lowercase letters with superior letters (primarily for abbreviated French titles). One exception to the follows-a-figure rule is the numero character (U+2116), which is actually a ligature substitution, but is best accessed through this feature. The user applies this feature to text to enable localized Bulgarian forms of Cyrillic letters alternatively, the feature might enable localized Russian forms in a Bulgarian manufactured font in which the Bulgarian forms are the default characters.įunction: Replaces default alphabetic glyphs with the corresponding ordinal forms for use after figures. This feature enables localized forms of glyphs to be substituted for default forms. In some cases the localized form differs only subtly from the script 'norm', in others the forms are radically distinct. For example, a number of letters in the Bulgarian and Serbian alphabets have forms distinct from their Russian counterparts and from each other. The glyph for ffl replaces the sequence of glyphs f f l.įunction: Many scripts used to write multiple languages over wide geographical areas have developed localized variant forms of specific letters, which are used by individual literary communities. This feature covers the ligatures which the designer/manufacturer judges should be used in normal conditions. The user enters 3/4 in a recipe and gets the threequarters fraction.įunction: Replaces a sequence of glyphs with a single glyph which is preferred for typographic purposes. Function: Replaces figures separated by a slash with 'common' (diagonal) fractions.
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